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第11部分

的友誼會恆久。而我們知道,德行具有恆久性……

這種友誼很少有,因為這樣的人很少有。另外,除了要具備這些素質以外,還需要時間和密切的來往。因為正如常言所說的那樣,只有一起吃過很多鹽的人才能彼此熟知。而且,只有彼此相互肯定,互相欣賞,他們才能親密接觸,才能成為朋友。那些很快準備友好交往的人,或許我們就可以說他們希望成為朋友了。但是,如果他們不是合適的物件,也不能得到對方的承認的話,他們就不是朋友。也就是說,對交友的渴望也許能夠很快引發交友,而不是友誼。

友誼不僅僅是相識,也不僅僅是感情。友誼往往源於彼此的興趣和共同目標,它們因或早或遲產生的善意衝動而得到加強。友誼所需要的是坦率,揭示自己內心的思想感情,認真地對待朋友的批評,一如對待他們的傾慕與讚美。

Aristotle on Friendship

Aristotle

The ancients listed friendship among the highest of virtues。 It was an essential element in the happy or fully flourishing life。 “For without friends;” Aristotle says; “no one would choose to live; though he had all other goods。” Words worth remembering in a world of perishable “goods。”

亞里士多德論友誼(2)

According to Aristotle; friendship either is; or it involves; a state of character; a virtue。 There are three kinds of friendship。 These are based on pleasure in another’s pany (friendship of pleasure); or on usefulness in association (friendships of utility); or on mutual admiration (friendships in virtue)。 All are essential to the good life; and the best sorts of friends will not only admire each other’s excellence; but take pleasure in each other’s pany and find their association of mutual advantage。 Here is a portion of Aristotle’s classic discussion。

As the motives to Friendship differ in kind; so do the respective feelings and Friendships。 The species then of Friendship are three; in number equal to the objects of it; since in the line of each there may be